Writing

Writing on building useful software.

Articles on engineering decisions, implementation details, and the tradeoffs behind reliable production systems.

All writing

14 articles

  1. Observability, Reliability, Backend Engineering

    Your /health Endpoint Is Lying

    A 200 from /health proves very little. Useful health checks separate process life, traffic readiness, dependencies, workers, data freshness, and user journeys.

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  2. PostgreSQL, Data Integrity, Software Architecture

    Your Audit Log Is Not an Audit Trail

    An application log can say that an update ran. An audit trail must preserve who changed what, why it changed, and which exact version was affected.

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  3. AI Engineering, Authorization, Security

    Your Agent Still Has the Tool You Revoked

    An agent can retain a revoked tool. Why long-running workflows create a TOCTOU authorization bug — and why the decisive guard belongs immediately before provider I/O.

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  4. Distributed Systems, Observability, Privacy Engineering

    Tracing a Request You're Not Allowed to Log

    Correlating one job across TypeScript, a queue, and Python — without turning routine telemetry into a second copy of the sensitive payloads it describes.

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  5. AI Engineering, LLM Output Validation, Reliability

    Generated Charts Are Untrusted Code

    Why a model-generated Mermaid diagram or ECharts spec is a program, not data, and the two-tier validation and bounded repair pipeline I built around it.

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